We investigated circulating syndecan-1, HA and thrombomodulin levels in patients with biopsy-proven Class III/IV ± V LN and their clinico-pathological associations. Patients with non-renal SLE or non-lupus chronic kidney disease, and healthy subjects served as controls.Serum syndecan-1, HA and thrombomodulin levels were determined by ELISAs.Syndecan-1, HA and thrombomodulin levels were significantly higher during active LN compared with remission (P 

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