There is an evolution of pleural procedures involving broadened clinical indication and expanded scope, including advanced diagnostic, therapeutic, and palliative procedures. Finance and clinical professionals have been challenged to understand the indication and coding complexities that accompany these procedures. This article describes the utility of pleural procedures, the appropriate CPT coding, and necessary modifiers. Coding pearls that help close the knowledge gap between basic and advanced procedures aim to address coding confusion that is prevalent with pleural procedures as well as risk of payment denials, potential underpayment, and documentation audits.

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